Apr 25, 2019 dorothy is a master gardener, former newspaper reporter, and the author of several books. Psocoptera booklice are found living throughout the entire world, in the united states alone there are about 287 species. New species and records of peripsocus hagen psocoptera, peripsocidae from southeast australia. Psocoptera are an order of winged insects that are commonly known as booklice, barklice or barkflies. Phylogenetically, the order psocoptera psocids, barklice, and booklice is closely related to the phthiraptera lice, thysanoptera thrips, and hemiptera bugs, cicadas, aphids, etc. The lower permian elmo limestone formation of kansas has yielded fossil dragonflies as well as insects which were well on their way to being psocoptera courtney n. Psocoptera although they are called lice, the psocoptera are freeliving insects, not parasites.
The constant rain and wind have probably ruined your lawn and any lovely flowers that you planted last year and now its time to rejuvenate your garden. Common places for booklice populations to thrive include window sills, under outside siding of homes, tree trunks, shrubs, flowers, around garden hoses, under bricks and rocks, around light fixtures and under boxes. Psocoptera are an order of insects that are commonly known as booklice, barklice or barkflies. The psocoptera are a small order of paraneopteran insects near 4,000 species have. This name has been criticized by many entomologists because the prefix a clear reference to the manner of feeding is unrelated to the suffix the presence of wings. In addition, they feed on any food particles found in your kitchen, and they like moist, humid areas. If you need help with booklice control in your home, contact us today for detailed information about how to get rid of booklice or to learn more about our pest control services in st. Commonly called bark lice or book lice or barl lice, the psocopterans sport membranous wings held rooflike over abdomen. Booklice are more common in human dwellings and warehouses. Instead, just watch it awhile and im sure it will trail back to its nest site and eventually show you where its living. Booklice are tiny creatures although they are not actually lice at all, and this article will show you how and where to look for them. The constant rain and wind have probably ruined your lawn and any lovely flowers that you planted last year and now its time to. Boopiidae mostly on marsupials, with one species infesting dogs and another the cassowary, gyropidae mostly on rodents, but with one genus occurring on new world monkeys and another on peccaries.
These insects are, if somewhat arbitrarily, discussed in two groups, barklice and booklice, based on whether they tend to live outdoors or in human habitations. They are wingless and much smaller than barklice less than 2 mm. Characteristics psocids or booklice as they are commonly known are small usually dull coloured insects with a body length of 110 millimetres. Their name originates from the greek word psokos meaning gnawed or rubbed and ptera meaning wings. Psocoptera definition of psocoptera by the free dictionary. In fact, the next time you find one out and about, dont kill it. Psocoptera synonyms, psocoptera pronunciation, psocoptera translation, english dictionary definition of psocoptera. Psocids are small and softbodied and therefore have received little attention from collectors.
They are often regarded as the most primitive of the hemipterans. As an extra precaution, they will also treat the perimeter of your homes foundation with a barrier treatment. Despite their name booklice, or bark lice, as they are commonly referred to, are not true lice because they only feed on fungi or mold. Psocids are sometimes mistaken for aphids hemiptera but can be. Smithers, classification and phylogeny of the psocoptera, part v. Unlike bloodsucking lice, psocids pronounces sosid are phytophagous, feeding on organic matter including algae, lichen, fungi, pollen, decaying plant particles detritus. An order of small insects in which wings may be present or absent, tarsi are two or threesegmented, cerci are absent, and metamorphosis is gradual explanation of psocoptera. The psocoptera are a group of small soft, stout bodied insects which include book lice liposcelis sp. Not only are the native and established species included, but also those which. The insects of the order psocoptera copeognatha, corrodentia are commonly called psocids, although outdoor species living on tree trunks and branches have been called bark lice, whereas indoor species, sometimes found in old books, have been called book lice.
Barklice, booklice or psocids psocoptera springerlink. Commonly called barklice or booklice, members of the order psocoptera psocids are not true lice order phthiraptera although they are closely related to parasitic lice. Members of the family are characterised by a rounded, free areola postica in their wings. Throughout autumn and winter, our gardens get neglected. A taxonomic order within the superorder psocodea book lice, bark lice or bark flies. The family includes more than 400 species, most of them in the genus lachesilla. Psocoptera barklice, booklice, psocids discover life. This comprehensive book contains keys to all of the known taxa of psocoptera which have been found in the study area, including three genera named as new. Barklice, likely common barklice cerastipsocus venosus, family psocidae, order psocoptera. The psocodea species file currently contains data from psocoptera insecta. All psocids possess silk glands and in some species large webs are formed in which the community lives. They have the potential to sensitize individuals with an.
Psocids barklice booklice the name psocoptera is derived from the greek psokos meaning rubbed or gnawed and ptera meaning wings. Phthiraptera parasitic lice may have evolved directly from commensal barklice, and a close relationship between barklice and parasitic lice is. It is even theorized that lice arose twice from psocid ancestors multiple origins of parasitism in lice johnson, k. Psocid occasional invaders control pest control by. Their closest relatives are the phthiraptera or true lice. They first appeared in the permian period, 295248 million years ago. Although they are called lice, the psocoptera are freeliving insects, not parasites. They are usually brownish or whitish with black markings, but some tropical species are brightly colored with.
A study of the tasmanian psocoptera with descriptions of new species. Most psocids live outdoors, have wings as adults, and are commonly found on or under the bark of trees. Ent 425 general entomology resource library compendium. The scientific name comes from the greek psocus to grind and pteron wing and refers to the psocopteran jaws, which are shaped to grind food, rather like a pestle and mortar these insects can be conveniently, if somewhat arbitrarily, discussed in two groups, barklice and booklice, based on whether they. They are often regarded as the most primitive of the hemipteroids. The order is thought to have appeared in the permian, and some 6000 extant species have been described. These four orders compose a monophyletic group, the paraneoptera hemipteroid insects, and psocids retain the most primitive features in the group.
See section on louse evolution in the psocoptera on amber section below. Book lice can live under carpeting, appliances, in couches and other furniture, under sinks, around refrigerators, etc. Males have diverse sclerotized genitalic structures. There are around 2 000 in the world and 68 in britain. Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Their name originates from the greek word, psokhos meaning gnawed or rubbed and, ptera meaning wings. Dorothy is a master gardener, former newspaper reporter, and the author of several books. Insects of tasmania, australia, including blattodea cockroaches, dermaptera earwigs, orthoptera crickets, grasshoppers, embioptera webspinners, ephemeroptera.
They live in moist forest conditions, often in colonies protected by silk coverings they spin. The right hand photo shows a fine mesh of silk over the louse. Phylogeny and higher classification of suborder psocomorpha insecta. The insects of the order psocoptera copeognatha, corrodentia are commonly called psocids, although outdoor species living on tree trunks and branches have been called barklice, whereas indoor species, sometimes found in old books, have been called booklice. Rather, they eat fungi, dead bark and other materials, especially on rotting wood. Barklice, booklice or psocids psocoptera, figure 11 mechanism of absorption of atmosp heric water. Jan 23, 2020 booklice are more common in human dwellings and warehouses.
Pending id psocoptera pending id psocoptera references edwards, b. Psocomorpha, troctomorpha, trogiomorpha suborders lacroixiella genus, incertae sedis edgariekiidae extinct family, incertae sedis beipiaopsocus, empheriopsis extinct genera, incertae sedis references. Amblycera is regarded as the most primitive louse suborder, and the rhynchophthirina and anoplura are thought to be the most advanced. Graphically analyses the chronological discovery of species diversity. Updates for psocoptera are in the process of being added. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. Psocid occasional invaders control pest control by terminix. Lists all 41 families, 371 genera, and 4408 species of the insect order psocoptera psocids described up to the end of the year 2000.
Papers and proceedings of the royal society of tasmania 1949. Thorax the thorax unites to the head with a membranous and flexible neck. Lachesillidae is a family of psocoptera, or fateful barklice, belonging to the suborder psocomorpha. Barklice psocoptera psocids bark lice order psocoptera. Psocoptera definition of psocoptera by merriamwebster. Head of both adults and larvae rounded with bulging. World catalogue and bibliography lienhard and smithers 2002. Parasitic lice are embedded within bark lice, and thus the single order psocodea is recognized for both groups. A revised key to the species of psilopsocus psocoptera. They are insects belonging to a group known as psocids, and they dont eat paper, either. Psocoptera corrodentia, copeognatha constitutes an order of neopterous, exopterygote insects commonly called psocids, barklice, or booklice. Psocoptera entomologists glossary amateur entomologists. In general, they need to live where humidity is high or moisture is present.
Although most psocoptera are freeliving, a few genera live in the nests of birds. They are referred to as lice only because of their similar appearance to true lice species. Psocoptera article about psocoptera by the free dictionary. Fossil psocoptera, the australian museum memoir 14, 1972, p. Psocoptera definition is an order of tiny softbodied insects that have long antennae, chewing mouthparts, feed on organic matter, are either wingless or have two pairs of wings held over the back like a roof, and include the book lice and bark lice. Help pages, faqs, uniprotkb manual, documents, news archive and biocuration projects. However, these bugs do feast on the mold found in old books and on the glue used in the bindings. These insects are known to inhabit various terrestrial habitats such as tree bark bark lice, old papers, books, stored food products, etc and gain entry into human dwellings through these modes. Psocoptera are regarded as the most primitive amongst the hemipteroids true bugs, the thrips and lice because their mouthparts show the least modification from those of the earliest known fossils. There are more than 5,500 species in 41 families in three. However, there are no reports on the allergenicity of psocoptera spp.
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